Hispani in Rome’s urban militia: praetoriani, urbaniciani, vigiles and equites singulares Augusti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v22i0.438Keywords:
Hispani, Roman army, Praetoriani, Urbaniciani, Vigiles, Equites singulares AugustiAbstract
The integration of the Iberian Peninsula into the Roman world favoured the participation of Hispanics in the army. Although the majority did so in the legionary and auxiliary troops, a minority met the demanding requirements for service in the urban militia of Rome, made up, among other bodies, of the Praetorian Guard, the urban cohorts, the corps of vigiles and the equites singulares Augusti. In this work we have set out to compile, update and study the literary and epigraphic references relating to the Hispanics who served in these units, thus offering an overview of their role in the urban militia of Rome. In our analysis we will address aspects such as the places of origin of the characters studied, their legal status, their onomastics, their social relations or the activity they carried out in their respective units.
References
Abascal Palazón 1994: J. M. Abascal Palazón, Los nombres personales en las inscripciones latinas de Hispania, Murcia 1994.
Albertos Firmat 1996: Mª. L. Albertos Firmat, La onomástica personal primitiva de Hispania: Tarraconense y Bética, Salamanca 1966.
Alföldy 1969: G. Alföldy, Fasti Hispanienses, Wiesbaden 1969.
Andreu Pintado 2004: J. Andreu Pintado, Edictum, Municipium y Lex: Hispania en época Flavia (69-96 d.C.), Londres, 2004.
Breeze 1969: D. J. Breeze, The inmunes and principales of the Roman army, Durham 1969.
Castillo 1988: C. Castillo, “La tribu Galeria en Hispania: ciudades y ciudadanos”, en: J. González Fernández y J. Arce (eds.), Estudios sobre la tabula Siariensis, Madrid 1988, 233-243.
Ceñal Martínez 2009: H. Ceñal Martínez, “Soldados hispanos en las cohortes pretorianas”, Aquila Legionis 12, 2009, 59-80.
Ceñal Martínez 2009-2010: H. Ceñal Martínez, “Soldados hispanos en las cohortes urbanas”, Hispania Antiqua 33-34, 2009-2010, 131-138.
Cerrillo Martín de Cáceres, Le Roux y Ramírez Sádaba 2004: E. Cerrillo Martín de Cáceres, P. Le Roux y J. L. Ramírez Sádaba, “Un pretoriano hallado en Cáceres (España)”, en: C. Auliard y L. Bodiou (dirs.), Au jardin des Hespérides: histoire, société et épigraphie des mondes anciens. Mélanges offerts à Alain Tranoy, Rennes 2004, 157-166.
Crespo Ortiz de Zárate 1991: S. Crespo Ortiz de Zárate, “Hispanus en la onomástica romana de la Península Ibérica, como expresión de relevancia social”, Studia Historica. Historia Antigua 9, 1991, 89-98.
Crimi 2012: G. Crimi, “Il mestiere degli speculators: nuovi dati e ricerche dopo gli studi di Manfred Clauss”, en: C. Wolff (ed.), Le métier de soldat dans le monde romain, Lyon 2012, 491-504.
Crimi 2020: G. Crimi, “Le coorti pretorie 80 anni dopo Durry e Passerini: nuove interpretazioni e problemi aperti”, en: C. Wolff y P. Faure (eds.), Corps du chef et gardes du corps dans l'armée romaine. Actes du septième Congrès de Lyon (25-27 octobre 2018), Lyon 2020, 177-187.
Crimi 2021: G. Crimi, I pretoriani di Roma nei primi due secoli dell’Impero Nuove proposte e vecchi problemi ottanta anni dopo Durry e Passerini, Roma 2021.
Conway 1967: R. S. Conway, The italic dialects, Cambridge 1967.
Cortés Bárcena 2013: C. Cortés Bárcena, Epigrafía en los confines de las ciudades romanas. Los termini publici en Hispania, Mauretania y Numidia, Roma 2013.
Durry 1968: M. Durry, Les cohortes prétoriennes, París 1968.
Edmondson 2006: J. Edmondson, Granite Funerary Stelae from Augusta Emerita, Mérida 2006.
Esteban Ortega y Salas Martín 2003: J. Esteban Ortega y J. Salas Martín, Epigrafía romana y cristiana del museo de Cáceres, Cáceres 2003.
Fasolini 2009: D. Fasolini, “La compresenza di tribù nelle città dela Penisola Iberica: il caso della Tarraconensis”, en: J. F. Rodríguez Neila (ed.), Hispania y la epigrafía romana. Cuatro perspectivas, Epigrafía e Antichità 26, 2009, 179-238.
Fasolini 2012: D. Fasolini, Le tribu romane della Hispania Tarraconensis. L’ascrizione tribale dei cittadini romani nelle testimonianze epigrafiche, Milán 2012.
Freis 1967: H. Freis, Die cohortes urbanae, Colonia-Graz 1967.
Forni 1985: G. Forni, Le Tribù Romane. III, 1. Le pseudo-tribù, Roma 1985.
Forni 1996-2012: G. Forni, Le tribù romane. I, Tribules, Vols. I-IV, Roma 1996-2012.
Forni 2006: G. Forni, Le tribù romane. IV, Scripta minora, Roma 2006.
García Martínez 1991: Mª. R. García Martínez, “Caracteres y significación socio-económica de los movimientos de población hispana hacia las provincias imperiales en época romana”, Hispania Antiqua 15, 1991, 263-302.
García Martínez 1994: Mª. R. García Martínez, “Contribución de la provincia Lusitania al movimiento de población hispana hacia las provincias imperiales en época romana”, en: S. Ordóñez Agulla y P. Sáez Fernández (coords.), Homenaje al profesor Presedo, Sevilla 1994, 457-462.
González Fernández 1989: J. González Fernánez, “Urso, ¿Tribu Sergia o Galeria?”, en: J. González Fernández (ed.), Estudios sobre Urso Colonia Iulia Genetiva, Sevilla 1989, 133-154.
González Fernández 1994: J. González Fernández, “Epigrafía jurídica de la Bética”, en: J. González Fernández (ed.), Roma y las provincias. Realidad administrativa e ideología imperial (siglos I a.C.-I d.C.), Madrid 1994, 1-16.
González Fernández 1996: J. González Fernández, “Las fundaciones de Augusto y la tribu Galeria”, Anuari de Filologia 7, 1996, 65-92.
González Fernández 2000: J. González Fernández, “Nuevo diploma militar de Galieno”, en: G. Paci (ed.), Miscellanea epigrafica in onore di Lidio Gasperini, Tívoli 2000, 429-434.
Grüll 2018: T. Grüll, “Origo as identity factor in Roman epitaphs”, en: G. Cupcea y R. Varga (eds.), Social Interactions and Status Markers in the Roman World, Oxford 2018, 139-150.
Guerra 2002: A. Guerra, “A epigrafia de Scallabis”, en: A. Margarida Arruda, C. Viegas. y Mª. J. de Almeida (coords.), De Scallabis a Santarém, Lisboa 2002, 179-184.
Gutiérrez Merino 2001: J. C. Gutiérrez Merino, “La presencia de hispanos en la provincia romana de Britannia a través de las fuentes epigráficas”, en: L. Hernández Guerra, L. Sagredo San Eustaquio y J. M. Solana Sáinz (coords.), Actas del I Congreso Internacional de Historia Antigua. La Península Ibérica hace 2000 años. Valladolid, 23-25 de noviembre de 2000, Valladolid 2001, 229-234.
Gregori 2012: G. L. Gregori, “Le sei nuove stele di militari”, en: D. Rossi (a cura di), Sulla via Flaminia. Il Mausoleo di Marco Nonio Macrino, Roma 2012, 165-170.
Gregori 2013: G. L. Gregori, “Il sepolcretto di militari lungo la Via Flaminia. Nuove stele dal V-VI miglio”, Archeologia Classica 64, 2013, 349-370.
Gregori y Geluk 2020: G. L. Gregori y K. Geluk, “The Germani corporis custodes: a “unit in motion”?”, en: C. Wolff y P. Faure (eds.), Corps du chef et gardes du corps dans l'armée romaine. Actes du septième Congrès de Lyon (25-27 octobre 2018), Lyon 2020, 235-260.
Hernández Guerra 2016: L. Hernández Guerra, “Soldados hispanos en las alas, cohortes y legiones con origo en África y la península italiana”, Sautuola XXI, 2016, 137-153.
Hernández Guerra 2017: L. Hernánez Guerra, “Movilidad geográfica. Auxiliares y legionarios hispanos con mención de origo en el limes septentrional del Imperio”, en: J. J. Ferrer Maestro, C. Kunst, D. Hernández de la Fuente y E. Faber (eds.), Entre los mundos: Homenaje a Pedro Barceló, Tolosa, 2017, 379-416.
Hernando Sobrino 2001: Mª. R. Hernando Sobrino, “Reflexiones en torno a la municipalización de Ávila. CIL II 3050: entre San Segundo y Santa Barbada”, Gerión 19, 2001, 709-735.
Hernando Sobrino 2008: Mª. R. Hernando Sobrino, “Ávila: documentación epigráfica y municipalización, ¿Una cuestión de fe?”, Gerión 26-2, 2008, 75-89.
Kajanto 1982: I. Kajanto, The Latin cognomina, Roma 1982.
Kubitschek 1972: J. W. Kubitschek, Imperium Romanum Tributim Discriptum, Roma 1972.
Le Roux 1982: P. Le Roux, L’armée romaine et l’organisation des provinces iberiques d’Auguste a l’invasion de 409, París 1982.
López Casado 2015: R. López Casado, “Las relaciones conyugales de los milites en Hispania a través de la epigrafía”, Hispania Antiqua 39, 2015, 123-142.
Lőrincz (coord.) 2000: B. Lőrincz (coord.), Onomasticon Provinciarum Europae Latinarum (OPEL), Vol. III: Labareus-Pythea, Wien 2000 (= OPEL III).
Madruga Flores 2000a: J. V. Madruga Flores, “Un pretoriano en Monterrubio de la Serena”, Ficheiro Epigráfico 63, nº 286, 2000a.
Madruga Flores 2000b: J. V. Madruga Flores, “Nuevos epígrafes romanos en Monterrubio”, Monterrubio de la Serena. Feria y Fiestas, 2000b, 19-21.
Marín Díaz 1988: Mª. A. Marín Díaz, Emigración, colonización y municipalización en la Hispania republicana, Granada 1988.
Navarro Caballero 2000: M. Navarro Caballero, “Notas sobre algunos gentilicios romanos de Lusitania: una propuesta metodológica sobre la emigración itálica”, en: J. G. Gorges y T. Nogales Basarrate (eds.), Sociedad y cultura en Lusitania romana. IV Mesa Redonda Internacional, Mérida 2000, 281-297.
Navarro Caballero y Ramírez Sádaba 2003: M. Navarro Caballero y J. L. Ramírez Sádaba (coords.), Atlas antroponímico de la Lusitania romana, Mérida-Burdeos 2003.
Ortiz Córdoba 2016: J. Ortiz Córdoba, “Emigración e inmigración en las colonias romanas de Lusitania: el caso de Scallabis Praesidium Iulium”, Forma Breve 13, 2016, 375-388.
Ortiz Córdoba 2017: J. Ortiz Córdoba, “Reclutamiento y unidades militares en las colonias de la Hispania Meridional”, Florentia Iliberritana 28, 2017, 135-158.
Ortiz Córdoba, 2018: J. Ortiz Córdoba, “Reclutamiento y unidades militares en las colonias romanas de Lusitania”, Studia Historica. Historia Antigua 36, 2018, 83-116.
Ortiz Córdoba 2019: J. Ortiz Córdoba, “Reclutamiento y unidades militares en las colonias romanas de la Hispania Citerior”, Gladius 39, 71-91.
Ortiz Córdoba 2021: J. Ortiz Córdoba, Las colonias romanas de César y Augusto en Hispania, Madrid-Salamanca 2021.
Palao Vicente 2011: J. J. Palao Vicente, “Lejos de casa. Destinos, traslados, viajes y retiros del soldado romano durante el Alto Imperio”, en: J. M. Iglesias Gil y A. Ruiz Gutiérrez (coords.), Viajes y cambios de residencia en el mundo romano, Santander 2011, 177-200.
Palao Vicente 2013: J. J. Palao Vicente, “La movilidad de los veteranos legionarios durante el Alto Imperio”, Veleia 30, 2013, 151-168.
Passerini 1939: A. Passerini, Le coorti pretorie, Roma 1939.
Perea Yébenes 1994: S. Perea Yébenes, “La Bética emisora y receptora de soldados legionarios durante el Alto Imperio romano”, en: Actas del II Congreso de Historia de Andalucía. Córdoba, 1991, Córdoba 1994, 373-382.
Perea Yébenes 2001a: S. Perea Yébenes, “Militares clunienses fuera de Hispania en los ejércitos de los Julio-Claudios y los Flavios”, en: L. Hernández Guerra, L. Sagredo San Eustaquio y J. M. Solana Sáinz (coords.), Actas del I Congreso Internacional de Historia Antigua. La Península Ibérica hace 2000 años. Valladolid, 23-25 de noviembre de 2000, Valladolid 2001, 229-234.
Perea Yébenes 2001b: S. Perea Yébenes, “Epigrafía militar en publicaciones recientes (I)”, Aquila Legionis 1, 2001, 75-112.
Perea Yébenes 2004-2005: S. Perea Yébenes, “Las «patrias» del soldado romano en el Alto Imperio”, Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie II. Historia Antigua 17-18, 161-189.
Perea Yébenes 2016: S. Perea Yébenes, “Eques curator”, en: Mª. A. Sevillano Fuertes (coord.), La Dea Asturica (La diosa Astorga), Astorga 2016, 39-53.
Pitillas Salañer 2002: E. Pitillas Salañer, “Soldados procedentes del Noroeste de Hispania con el cognomen Reburrus/Reburrinus”, Hispania Antiqua 26, 2002, 25-34.
Pitillas Salañer 2003: E. Pitillas Salañer, “Soldados originarios de las tres capitales conventuales del Noroeste hispánico. Su evidencia epigráfica”, Aquila Legionis 4, 2003, 119-135.
Pitillas Salañer 2004: E. Pitillas Salañer, “Soldados originarios del NW de Hispania que sirvieron en las cohortes pretorianas. Su testimonio epigráfico”, Hispania Antiqua 28, 2004, 141-152.
Ricci 1992: C. Ricci, “Hispani a Roma”, Gerión 10, 1992, 103-143.
Ricci 1994: C. Ricci, Soldati delle milizie urbane fuori di Roma. La documentazione epigrafica, Roma 1994.
Ricci 2005: C. Ricci, “Ispanici a Roma nel II secolo. La componente militare”, en: L. Hernández Guerra (coord.), Actas del II Congreso Internacional de Historia Antigua: la Hispania de los Antoninos (98-180), Valladolid 2005, 267-276.
Ricci 2011: C. Ricci, “In custodiam urbis: notes on the cohortes urbanae (1968-2010)”, Historia 60, 2011, 484-508.
Roldán Hervás 1974: J. M. Roldán Hervás, Hispania y el ejército romano, Salamanca 1974.
Sablayrolles 1996: R. Sablayrolles, Libertinus miles: les cohortes de vigiles, Roma 1996.
Salas Martín 1996: J. Salas Martín, “Fuentes para el estudio de la Colonia Norba Caesarina y sus contributa Castra Servilia y Castra Caecilia”, Anas 9, 1996, 59-78.
Salas Martín y Esteban Ortega (1994): J. Salas Martín y J. Esteban Ortega, La colonia Norba Caesarina y la gens Norbana en Hispania, Cáceres 1994.
Santos Yanguas 2014: N. Santos Yanguas, “Militares galaicos en las cohortes pretorianas”, Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie II. Historia Antigua 27, 2014, 185-195.
Schulze 1966: W. Schulze, Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen, Berlín 1966.
Silvestrini (a cura di) 2010: M. Silvestrini (a cura di), Le Tribù Romane. Atti della XVI Rencontre sur l’epigraphie (Bari 8-10 ottobre 2009), Bari 2010.
Slavich 2019: C. Slavich, La collezione epigrafica della Casa Museo dell'Antiquariato Ivan Bruschi di Arezzo, Roma 2019.
Speidel 1994: M. P. Speidel, Die Denkmäler der Kaiserreiter. Equites singulares Augusti, Köln 1994.
Stylow 1995: A. U. Stylow, “Apuntes sobre las tribus romanas en Hispania”, Veleia 12, 1995, 105-123.
Syme 1939: R. Syme, The Roman Revolution, Oxford 1939.
Untermann 1965: J. Untermann, Elementos de un atlas antroponímico de la Hispania antigua, Madrid 1965.
Vallejo Ruiz 2005: J. Mª. Vallejo Ruiz, Antroponimia indígena de la Lusitania romana, Vitoria-Gasteiz 2005.
Wiegels 1985: R. Wiegels, Die Tribusinschriften des romischen Hispanien, Berlín 1985.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Professional standards and ethical policies
a) Palaeohispanica’s editorial board
Details concerning the journal’s internal organization can be found at this website.
b) Authors’ responsibilities
As an implicit condition for publishing in Palaeohispanica, authors are expected to adhere to all the ethical and professional principles that are shared across all research fields and academic publications. By submitting a contribution for peer review, potential authors guarantee that their work is original, that it constitutes a significant contribution to its research field and has not been published elsewhere.
All submitted manuscripts ought to contain bibliographic references at the end of the paper as well as an indication of how the research that culminated in the article was funded.
Likewise, authors must agree to incorporate any relevant changes that peer reviewers suggest as well as to include any recommendations that the editorial committee includes in the manuscript’s proofs at the end of the editorial process.
The journal expects its authors, reviewers, editors and staff members to all conduct themselves professionally by treating others with respect and civility. Should any sort of untoward situation arise, such as (self) plagiarism, conflicts of interest or aggressive behaviour on the author’s part, the following actions will be taken:
- Plagiarism and the republication of articles
Plagiarism is defined as the reproduction of a text or other materials found in different publications without the original source being adequately cited. Accordingly, material can still be plagiarized even when it has been tweaked or paraphrased. Plagiarism constitutes a serious ethical violation; furthermore, there can be legal ramifications for violating an author’s rights in cases where the reproduced material has been previously published. Authors who want to cite published work must do so by including complete references to the original materials and by including any quotations within quotation marks. Graphs and images can only be reproduced with the express permission of the original author and must include a citation below said image or graphic according to the rules laid out on the journal’s website. If a peer reviewer or the editorial board detects any instance of plagiarism (whether of one’s own or another’s work), the manuscript will automatically be disqualified.
- Conflicts of interest
In most instances an individual who works at the same institution as an author or one of the co-authors is automatically barred from evaluating a potential contribution. The journal’s editors must always be aware of possible conflicts of interest and are required to recuse themselves from any decision-making process, whenever there is even the appearance of a possible conflict of interest.
c) The peer-review process
Palaeohispanica employs peers to evaluate externally all contributions, with this being understood as obtaining the opinion of an established expert over the merits of every potential contribution. In addition to completing the relevant form, reviewers are expected to suggest any pertinent bibliography that was not included in the original version of the manuscript.
Furthermore, the peer-review process is double blind, meaning that both authors’ anonymity as well as the reviewers’ impartiality and independence are guaranteed. Reader reviews will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. As is the case with all respectable research journals, the editors of Palaeohispanicawill not share with a third party the identity of a peer reviewer, the contents of his or her review or any correspondence resulting from the review process. Likewise, reviewers are required to adhere to the same strict standard of confidentiality: neither manuscripts nor the contents of any correspondence between an author and the editors can be shared with a third party without the written and express consent of the journal’s editors.
While strictly speaking authors are not held to the same standards (they can, for instance, solicit advice from co-authors and colleagues as they revise and amend a manuscript in accordance with the recommendations found in a reviewer’s report), the public airing of a reviewer’s report or of the correspondence with the editorial team constitutes untoward behavior. Any author who acts in such a way will automatically forfeit his or her right to the journal’s confidentiality.
- Aggressive behaviour
Should the editorial committee be made aware of any untoward behaviour on the author’s part towards external reviewers, other authors or the journal’s editors/staff, that author’s submission will immediately be withdrawn from the consideration process.
All participants in the publication process, including editors, authors, peer reviewers, and member’s of the journal’s staff are expected to meet basic standards of professional courtesy and to respect the fundamental rules and guidelines concerning the peer-review and publication processes. Under any circumstance, personal attacks and verbal assault (whether expressed orally or through writing) are completely unacceptable. Accordingly, the journal reserves the right to reject the contribution of any author who repeatedly violates these principles or refuses to cooperate with the editors and reviewers during the normal evaluation and publication processes.
d) Editorial ethics
The editorial team at Palaeohispanica will bring an end to any dishonest research practice by submitting every proposal to a careful review process that will begin before the selection of possible peer reviewers. Should anything questionable be detected, an author will be asked to provide relevant explanations and then be told to review his/her text so as to meet the journal’s quality standards. If an author does not make the requested changes, the manuscript will not be submitted for double-blind peer review and, accordingly, will not be published. The editorial board is always available to discuss and debate with authors any misunderstanding that could have given rise to such a situation.
e) Copyright and journal access
Journal content falls under the protection of licence Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA. Access the all journal content is open and free of charge.
f) Journal archive
Given that the Institución Fernando el Católico is an established and important publishing house, it is extremely unlikely that access to the journal’s contents could be compromised in anyway within the foreseeable future. The contents of Palaeohispanica will be stored in IFC’s servers even if the journal ceases to be published.
g) Ownership and management of the journal
The journal Palaeohispanica is edited and run by the institution «Fernando el Católico», an independent entity of the Excelentísima Diputación de Zaragoza.
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
Privacy policy
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portabilityby contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
The IFC’s privacy and data protection policy can be consulted at https://tiendaifc.dpz.es/Sites/dpz/paginasPersonalizadas/Modelo2/inicio.aspx. It can also be found in the journal’s the top navigation menu: http://ifc.dpz.es/ojs/index.php/palaeohispanica/dpd
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
